Ethics Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Ethics - Assignment Example Liberal tolerance is good. However, there are limits to liberal ethics. It is essential for politicians to comprehend that a comprehensive argument, whether written or in oral form, is significant at all stages of policy formulation. For instance, the electorate, the political parties, the executive, the local courts, interest groups and the media often involve themselves in reciprocal persuasion and continuous debates. According to liberal theorists, the above process commences with expression of general concerns and ends with decisions that are concrete. Arguments are essential not only in clarifying politicians’ position regarding an issue but also focusing people around their position. For instance, when a policy is perfectly explained by a group of individuals seeking self interest or goals, those who aim to justify the policy must plea to the interest of the public and the intellectual merits of the case under discussion. Individuals often miss a great point when they try to comprehend the process of policy making in terms of influence, bargaining and power to the exclusion of argument and debate. Arguments are the only avenue through which policy makers and citizens arrive at moral policy choices and judgments. As a result, debates produce outcomes that are far beyond the authoritarian capabilities or policy making technocratic methods (Majone, 1989). In environmental project, conflict is inevitable as change appears to be. As a matter of fact, it is impossible for individuals with backgrounds, norms and skills that are diverse to make decisions, work together and try to meet project objectives and goals without conflict. This raises the need to formulate tangible strategies of handling conflicts. According to Follet (1973), there are three principal ways of managing conflict. These include integration, compromise and domination. Domination is the triumph of one party over another. It is perceived to be

MPH599 - Culminating Project Mod 3 Case Assignment Essay

MPH599 - Culminating Project Mod 3 Case Assignment - Essay Example Children watch television or play video games for greater than four hours a day have a greater risk for obesity. It has been shown that a reboot reduction in the television or video game time can not only improve but be a treatment for obesity. Further, other behaviors that have changed in this age group, more children are eating high calorie foods than they have in the past. Television ads increase the desire for fast food which is high in calories and high in fat (Epstein and Keller, 2003). Those children who are raised by obese parents also have a greater risk for obesity. There has been discussion as to whether there is a genetic or environmental factor that may predispose children to obesity. However they been unable to prove that (Golan and Wiseman, 2001). Another great risk factor for childhood obesity is low socioeconomic status. Food insecurity and not having access to healthy food are the reasons for this problem. Children from low-income families often do not have safe facilities for physical exercise. This increases the number of television hours that these children have. Many of them are awaiting their parents arrival home from a job, as these parents cannot afford child sitters. Is also at issue that this group of children are not able to visit the position as often as other children do. They may very well not have a yearly checkup like so many other children due to the lack of insurance or money to cover visits. This alone contributes to childhood obesity. It is not picked up early in the event, therefore instead of catching these children at the stage of being overweight, we do not see them until they are at the stage of obese. By this time, they may very well have some of the side effects of obesity including hypertension and type II diabetes. Young people throughout the world are becoming increasingly inactive, as are their parents. 30% of boys and 41% of girls aged 2 to 15 do not meet

DNA Barcoding Lab Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

DNA Barcoding - Lab Report Example The protocol utilizes short sequences of organisms to characterize them. These oligonucleotides fall in positions in the genome which are agreed upon and its standard for a particular genome of interest. The DNA barcode sequences are also rather short in comparison to the entire genome and can be extracted with relative ease utilizing cheap methods. For instance, the cytochrome C oxidase subunit 1 mitochondria region (COI) has in the recent times being the standard barcode region for higher animals. One define characteristic of the DNA barcode is its commonality within a species (within species) and variations among species (without species). ie for a selected DNA barcode of a particular species there exists ranging differences and these differences are minor in individuals of the same species to gurantee the sequence segment to be used as a barcode. In obtaining the DNA for branding, the mayfly should be killed in a ‘DNA friendly fashion’ by avoiding the use of preservation agents such formalin which may degrade DNA. Genomic DNA is isolated via the fast DNA extraction method from fresh or frozen specimens. Combination of Chelex protocol with Proteinase K may rule out the need for tissue disruption while guaranteeing the release of DNA leaving chitinous material left intact. PCR amplification is done with an optimal primer specific for the barcode region. The barcode products obtained from the PCR are in most instances sequences bidirectional and later deposited in the barcode reference library.  

Term paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Term Paper Example 1165). Aside from suicide, starvation-related effects such as heart failure, organ failure, and malnutrition also contribute to the high mortality rate of anorexia nervosa. Patients with anorexia are excessively preoccupied with weight, food, and body shape. As much as they would like to eat, patients feel guilty because of a distorted body image or perception that one is distressingly large despite obvious thinness. When the goal of losing of weight is not met, patients with anorexia nervosa lose their desire to live and thrive, fall into depression, and eventually commit suicide or die from starvation-related complications. In the case study, the teenager posed the highest risk for depression as she became "almost obsessive" in her physical activity, taking part in paddling, track, tennis and aerobic exercises at home. There are also signs of cardiac alteration, as manifested in abnormally low heart rate of 44 beats per minute, and malnutrition since the teenager has lost 9 kg (20 lbs.) for approximately a year, height at 50th percentile weight is now at the 10th percentile for her age, obvious thinness, and lack of menstrual periods. 2. What is the most likely electrolyte abnormally in patients with bulimia nervosa who engage in self-induced vomiting? Patients with bulimia nervosa who engage in purging behavior (self-induced vomiting) are likely to have abnormally low level of potassium electrolyte in the blood, a condition called hypokalemia. Potassium is lost during episodes of purging as vomiting of gastric fluid occurs. In addition, the metabolic imbalance termed â€Å"hypochloremic alkalosis† greatly contributes in occurrence of hypokalemia in patients with bulimia nervosa as potassium ions shift into the cells to help neutralize metabolic alkalosis and high pH (Day, Paul & Williams, 2009, p. 313). In short, alkalosis can cause hypokalemia and vice versa. In the case study, there has been no evidence of any binging or purging behaviors and any la boratory result that would confirm hypokalemia. However, health care provider must address hypokalemia promptly as the electrolyte potassium is essential for skeletal and cardiac function. 3. Name three indications for medical hospitalization of a patient with an eating disorder. As stated earlier, patients with eating disorder are likely to die from suicide and starvation-related effects. Thus, early medical hospitalization and treatment is necessary. Goroll and Mulley (2009) enumerate the medical criteria for hospitalization of a patient with an eating disorder, among of which include: more than 40% weight loss of premorbid or ideal body weight in three months, rapid progression of weight loss, presence of cardiac arrhythmias, and persistent hypokalemia (p. 1512). In the case study, weight loss of 9 kg (20 lbs.) since last year and cardiac abnormalities manifested by a heart rate of 44 beats per minute warrant medical attention to prevent further complications and correct physical and psychological abnormalities. 4. A teenaged female reports feeling healthy, denies feeling fat, and has normal menstrual periods. However, she has evidenced a 20 lb. weight loss. What is the most likely diagnosis? Anorexia nervosa is the most likely diagnosis of a teenaged female, who reports feeling healthy, denies feeling fat, and has normal menstrual periods but has evidenced a 20 lb. weight loss. In making differential diagnosis for mental and eating disorders, the International Classification of Diseases (ICD) version 10 and the